q82

R-ORD GOLD-ONLY arbitrary-cut not-a-function-of-the-data

california_schools · mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json

The question

What is the grade span offered in the school with the highest longitude?

the hint the set supplies: the highest longitude refers to the school with the maximum absolute longitude value.

This question was audited without a prediction beside it, so there is nothing to compare the gold with. The probes below read the gold alone.

The statements

gold

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
abs(longitude)
descending

sha256:d4d87fb991696c450e12529c6c599b392de69debe7b966d28ef8cccdb2210f15

The results

gold, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

gsofferedtext
K-8

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "abs(longitude)",
      "not_applicable": "the key is an expression and not a column"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 2 rows

NULL null 124.28481
K-8 str 124.28481
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT gsoffered, abs(longitude) AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM schools ORDER BY abs(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST",
  "unbounded_rows": 17686,
  "projected_columns": [
    "gsoffered"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "abs(longitude)",
      "direction": "desc",
      "nulls": "last",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1
    ],
    "tied_rows": 2,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 2,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "null",
          "value": null
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

from smells.json, 1 row

NULL
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:d4d87fb991696c450e12529c6c599b392de69debe7b966d28ef8cccdb2210f15",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "gsoffered",
        "declared_type": "text"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:d4d87fb991696c450e12529c6c599b392de69debe7b966d28ef8cccdb2210f15"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "schools": {
      "last_analyze": "2026-09-14 12:51:05.006896+00",
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "schools"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:ad3cdf827326e0095f8ec41c8da708e1998813bd07b0af516c415d3f697cd2ce",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "gsoffered",
          "declared_type": "text"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "null",
            "value": null
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:ad3cdf827326e0095f8ec41c8da708e1998813bd07b0af516c415d3f697cd2ce"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

duplicate-full-row not applicable

this statement returns the same whole row more than once and never says DISTINCT, so a statement answering the same question once per row disagrees on multiplicity alone

what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rows": 1,
  "distinct_rows": 1,
  "repeated_rows": 0,
  "largest_repeat": 1,
  "result_bounded": false,
  "distinct_stated": false,
  "set_operation": false,
  "not_applicable": "a result of fewer than two rows has nothing to repeat"
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
statement read from
data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin
https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:d4d87fb991696c450e12529c6c599b392de69debe7b966d28ef8cccdb2210f15 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:a631b8c3397572b936c54d0b9315c3902b4fbedaf2ecbaf32a60b245f637bb3c recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

gsofferedtext
K-8
what ran, and where
run
audit-54ee7545-4844-43de-b39c-1dc3b1f853ac
executed at
2026-09-14T12:51:41.258781+00:00
data as of
2026-09-14T12:51:05.775721+00:00
backend at checkout
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role
auditor
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator
audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
30000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
postgresql
time_zone
Etc/UTC
date_style
ISO, MDY
interval_style
postgres
extra_float_digits
1
database_collation
en_US.utf8
work_mem
4096
hash_mem_multiplier
2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout
0
server_version
16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num
160015
transaction_read_only
on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather
2
server_encoding
UTF8
search_path
public
datlocprovider
c
daticulocale
datcollversion
2.41
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/4
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:963c1162a015f21c6d18a54986e1b1822019b80a17de1cb3c10394c9ac75852c
source file sha256
sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.schools
17686

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run
audit-54ee7545-4844-43de-b39c-1dc3b1f853ac
server
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set
mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule
R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from